This Day in History

[GordMay]

August 26

1429: Joan of Arc makes a triumphant entry into Paris.

1629: English Puritan stockholders, of the Massachusetts Bay Company, pledged to emigrate to New England, under the terms of the Cambridge Agreement.
➥ https://www.britannica.com/event/Cambridge-Agreement

1789: The Constituent Assembly in Versailles, France, approves the final version of the Declaration of Human Rights.

1883: The Indonesian island of Krakatoa erupts, in the largest explosion recorded in history, heard 2,200 miles away in Madagascar. The resulting destruction sends volcanic ash up 50 miles into the atmosphere, and kills about 36,000 people, both on the island itself, and from the resulting 131-foot tsunami, that obliterates 163 villages, on the shores of nearby Java and Sumatra.
➥ https://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html

1920: The 19th Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote, is formally adopted into the U.S. Constitution, by proclamation of Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby.

2001: The MV “Tampa”, a Norwegian Cargo Vessel, receives a distress call from Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) Australia, to rescue 439 Afghans, from a distressed fishing vessel, in international waters, beginning an International incident involving Australia, Norway, Indonesia, New Zealand, and the tiny Pacific island nation of Nauru. The Afghans were attempting to gain entry into Australia, through entry to the Christmas Islands, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean, where they planned to seek asylum as refugees. The Australian government refused the rescue ship entry to Australian waters, and sent members of the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) to assist with medical emergencies. The refugees eventually ended up in New Zealand and Nauru, where most were refused asylum status, and sent back to their places of origin, in Afghanistan and Iraq.
➥ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/...stralia-policy

[GordMay]

On Friday, August 26, 1988, the Texas Rangers hosted the Toronto Blue Jays, in what turned out to be the hottest game in Major League Baseball (MLB) history.
The game took place at Arlington Stadium, located between Dallas and Fort Worth. The game started at 7:39 p.m. with the temperature reaching as high as 42.7° C. The Rangers won, 5-1.

[El Pinguino]

Originally Posted by GordMay

June 26



Is anyone interested in this, or should I just delete the thread?

I read it... I have even been known to comment.

And a Krakatoa comment

https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia...18-p58jyj.html

[GordMay]

August 27

0479 BCE: Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Plataea, Persian forces led by Mardonius routed by Greek army under Pausanias; together with Greek success at Battle of Mycale halts Persian invasion of Greece
0479 BCE: Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Mycale won by Greek forces over Persian naval troops on Ionian coast, double victory with that at Plataea ends Persian invasion.

0476: The fall of the Western Roman Empire was completed, as Emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed, by the German warrior Odoacer.

1601: Olivier van Noort completes first Dutch exploration of new world.

1859: Edwin Laurentine Drake struck oil, while drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania, becoming the first driller of a productive oil well in the United States.

1869: 1st international boat race (River Thames, Oxford beats Harvard).

1896: Britain defeats Zanzibar in a 38-minute war (9:02 AM-9:40 AM). Shortest recorded war in history.

1913: Swedish engineer Gideon Sundback, of Hoboken, NJ, applies to patent all-purpose zipper.

1914: The first major engagement of the British and German navies, during World War I, occurred at the Battle of Helgoland Bight.

1939: Erich Warsitz, in a Heinkel He-178, makes the 1st manned jet-propelled flight.

1955: ‘The Guinness Book of Records’ debuts [written/compiled by Norris and Ross McWhirter, published by Sir Hugh Beaver, managing director of the Guinness Brewery]. The Guinness Book of Records holds it's own record, as the world's most sold copyrighted book.

1963: Some 200,000 people marched on Washington, D.C., an event that became a high point of the civil rights movement, especially remembered for the famous “I Have a Dream” speech of Martin Luther King, Jr.

1966: Francis Chichester begins his 1st solo sail around world.

1979: 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and last Viceroy of India, is killed along with three companions, two of them children by the IRA when his boat is blown up near Sligo, Ireland.

2003: Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing within 34,646,418 miles (55,758,005 km).

2011: After causing extensive damage to various Caribbean islands, Hurricane Irene made landfall in the United States, striking North Carolina's Outer Banks before moving along the Eastern Seaboard; property damage in the United States exceeded $7 billion, making Irene one of the most expensive Atlantic hurricanes in the country's history.

2019: Race car driver Jessi Combs dies, while setting new fastest women's land speed record of 522.783 mph, at Alvord Desert, Oregon (posthumously awarded 2020).

[GordMay]

August 28

1609: English explorer Henry Hudson, discovers and explores Delaware Bay.

1789: William Herschel discovers Saturn's moon Enceladus.

1833: Britain's ‘Slavery Abolition Act’ gains royal assent. Though the slave trade was outlawed, in 1807, it continued to some Caribbean countries for a time, and it would not be for another quarter of a century, before Britain completely outlawed the practice of slavery, throughout the Empire, in 1833.

1837: Pharmacists John Lea & William Perrins manufacture Worcestershire Sauce.

1879: King Cetshwayo, the last great ruler of Zululand, is captured [subsequently sent into exile] by the British, following his defeat in the British-Zulu War.

1884: First known photograph of a tornado is made, by F. N. Robinson, near Howard, South Dakota.

1898: Caleb Bradham renames his carbonated soft drink, "Pepsi-Cola".

1955: While visiting family in Money, Mississippi, 14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, is brutally kidnapped, beaten and shot dead, for allegedly flirting with a white woman four days earlier. On September 23, an all-white jury deliberated for less than an hour before issuing a verdict of “not guilty”, for Mose Wright & J.W. Milam [the accused].
In 2017, Tim Tyson, author of the book “The Blood of Emmett Till”, revealed that Carolyn Bryant recanted her testimony, admitting that Till had never touched, threatened, or harassed her. “Nothing that boy did could ever justify what happened to him,” she said.

1957: US Senator James Thurmond (SC) begins 24-hr filibuster against civil rights bill.

1963: Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers "I Have a Dream" speech, at the March on Washington [for Jobs and Freedom].

1968: Clash between police and anti-war demonstrators ['police riot'], during Democratic Party's National Convention, in Chicago.

1980: First use of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine to scan the human body at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland.

1981: National Centers for Disease Control announces high incidence of Pneumocystis & Kaposi's sarcoma in gay men.

2017: Kenya brings in world's toughest ban on plastic bags, with possible US$38,000 fine, and four years in jail.

2019: Climate change activist Greta Thunberg arrives in New York, after sailing across the Atlantic, in a controversial emissions-free voyage.

[GordMay]

August 29

0070: Jerusalem fell to Roman forces, which included Flavius Josephus, a former general in the Jewish army, who had defected to Rome, marking the collapse of the Jewish state.

1533: Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas, dies by strangulation, at the hands of Francisco Pizarro’s Spanish conquistadors.

1632: English philosopher John Locke, whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism, was born.

1792: British man o'war HMS “Royal George” capsizes at Spithead; more than 800 killed.

1831: Michael Faraday demonstrates 1st electric transformer.

1842: China signed the Treaty of Nanjing, providing for the cession of Hong Kong to Great Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, the rights of British nationals accused of criminal acts in China to be tried in British courts, and a limitation on duties on imports and exports.

1876: Charles Franklin Kettering, the American engineer, and longtime director of research for General Motors Corp. (GM), is born.

1882: Australia defeats England [by 7 runs] in cricket, for the first time. The following day an obituary ["Death of English cricket"] appears in the Sporting Times, addressed to the British team.

1907: The Quebec Bridge, over St Lawrence River, collapses during construction, killing 75 workers.

1914: “Arizonian” is 1st vessel to arrive in San Francisco, via Panama Canal.

1916: Transport ship “Hsin-Yu” & cruiser “Hai-Yung” collide; 1,000 die.

1943: Danish Navy scuttles its warships, so as not to be taken by Germany.

1949: At a remote test site at Semipalatinsk, in Kazakhstan, the USSR successfully detonates its first atomic bomb, code name ‘First Lightning’ [known in the West as ‘Joe-1'].

1966: The Beatles give their last public concert, before a crowd of 25,000, and 7,000 unsold seats [Candlestick Park, San Francisco].

1975: Star in Cygnus goes nova, becoming 4th brightest in sky.

1997: Netflix was founded, by American entrepreneurs Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph; originally a video-rental company, it later expanded into video streaming and production.

2005: Hurricane Katrina makes landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, as a Category 3 hurricane.

2012: Banana Spider venom is found to be effective in relieving erectile dysfunction.

2017: Hurricane Harvey sets rainfall record (51.88 inches in Cedar Bayou), from a tropical cyclone in continental US, according to US National Weather Service.

[GordMay]

August 30

1363: Beginning of the Battle of Lake Poyang; two Chinese rebel leaders, Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang, are pitted against each other, in what was one of the largest naval battles in history, during Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.

1617: Rosa de Lima, of Peru, becomes the first American saint to be canonized.

1781: The French fleet arrives in the Chesapeake Bay, to aid the American Revolution.

1791: HMS “Pandora” sank, after running aground on a reef the previous day, on her return from her search for the Bounty, and the mutineers who had taken her.

1800: Gabriel Prosser, an African American bondsman, assembled an army of about 1,000 enslaved people, outside Richmond, Virginia, in the first major slave rebellion in U.S. history; alerted government officials thwarted the revolt, and Gabriel and others were executed.

1835: Melbourne, Australia is founded.

1873: Austrian explorers, Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht, discover the archipelago of Franz Joseph Land, in the Arctic Sea.

1892: The “Moravia”, a passenger ship arriving from Germany, brings cholera to the United States.

1905: 1905 Detroit Tigers future Baseball HOF center fielder Ty Cobb makes his MLB debut, doubling off Jack Chesbro, in a 5-3 win over the NY Highlanders at Bennett Park, Detroit

1918: Vladimir Lenin shot twice by Fanya Kaplan, a member of the Social Revolutionary party. Lenin was seriously wounded but survived the attack.

1939: Isoroku Yamamoto, who Led the Attack on Pearl Harbor, appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese fleet.

1963: ‘Hotline’ communications link established, between Washington and Moscow. No [red] telephones were ever used, relying instead on Teletype equipment, fax machines, and most recently, secure email.

1967: Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to be confirmed as a US Supreme Court justice.

1968: 1st record, released on Apple label, in UK, is The Beatles single "Hey Jude".

1979: First recorded instance of a comet (Howard-Koomur-Michels) hitting the sun; the energy released is equal to approximately 1 million hydrogen bombs.

1980: Christopher Cross has his first of two #1 hits with “Sailing”.

1983: U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford becomes the first African American to travel into space, when the space shuttle Challenger lifts off, on its third mission.

1992: David Lewett & Jane Luu discovers comet, "1992 QB1", 64 mil km from Sun.

1995: Cable News Network [CNN] joins the internet.

2006: California Senate passes Global Warming Solutions Act [AB-32], placing caps on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, including those found in automobile emissions. The Global Warming Solutions Act called for an overall 25 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (or to 1990 levels) by 2025, a timetable that would bring California close to full compliance with the Kyoto Protocol, an international climate-change treaty, signed in that Japanese city, in 1997. Even after Schwarzenegger signed AB 32 into law, in September 2006, California faced an uphill battle to enact these new standards, against the resistance of the automotive industry, backed by the administration of former President George W. Bush.
➥ https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fac...tions-act-2006
2022 Scoping Plan Update - Achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2045
➥ https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/prog...e-scoping-plan

2017: Late author Terry Pratchett' unfinished works destroyed, by steamroller, as per his instructions.

2019: Outlook for the Great Barrier Reef downgraded to ‘very poor’, according to official Australian report.
➥ https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/outlook-report-2019

[GordMay]

August 31

0012: The Roman emperor Caligula was born; his brief reign (37–41), which was marked by unpredictable and tyrannical behaviour, ended with his murder.

1888: Mary Ann Nichols, Jack the Ripper’s first victim, is found murdered and mutilated, in London’s Whitechapel district.

1897: Thomas Edison receives a patent for his movie camera, the Kinetograph.

1954: Hurricane Carol hits New England, 70 die, Costliest ever hurricane, at the time, and 1st storm name to be retired.

1955: William G. Cobb, of the General Motors Corp. (GM), demonstrates his 15-inch-long “Sunmobile,” the world’s first solar-powered automobile.

1980: Representatives of the communist government [Mieczysław Jagielski, Poland's first deputy premier] of Poland agree [‘Gdansk Agreement’] to the demands of striking shipyard workers, in the city of Gdansk. Former electrician Lech Walesa led the striking workers, who went on to form Solidarity, the first independent labor union to develop in a Soviet bloc nation.

1985: Richard Ramirez, the notorious “Night Stalker,” is captured, and nearly killed, by a mob in East Los Angeles, California, after being recognized from a photograph, shown both on television and in newspapers.

1986: “Pyotr Vasev”, a Russian bulk cargo ship, collides with, and sinks cruise ship “Admiral Nakhimov”. In total, 423 of the 1,234 people on board died.
➥ 30 Years After The Sinking Of The Admiral Nakhimov - Odessa Review

1992: An 11-day standoff in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, between government officials and an armed family headed by self-proclaimed white separatist Randy Weaver ended with his surrender; three people [Weaver's wife, Vicki, his 14-year-old son, Sammy, and U.S. Marshal William Degan] had been killed during the siege.

1993: HMS “Mercury”, the Royal Navy's communications training establishment, closes after 52 years in commission.

1994: Pentium computer beats world chess champ Garry Kasparov.

1999: Diana, princess of Wales, dies, in a car crash, in Paris. She was 36. Dodi Fayed and Henri Paul died as well.

2018: Aldi Novel Adilang, a 19-year old Indonesian, was rescued, after 49 days afloat, when his rompong, a floating fishing trap that is shaped like a hut, became adrift.
➥ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45623130

[laird]

[QUOTE=GordMay;3468066]August 23

.

1305: Scottish patriot William Wallace is hanged, drawn, beheaded, and quartered, for high treason by Edward I, in [Smithfield?] London.

RIP. Scotias greatest hero ,a man who fought to free his country

[GordMay]

September 1

1535: French navigator Jacques Cartier reaches Hochelaga [Montreal]

1752: Liberty Bell arrives in Philadelphia.

1804: 'Juno', one of the largest main belt asteroids discovered by German astronomer ,Karl Ludwig Harding.

1807: Former U.S. vice president Aaron Burr is acquitted of plotting to annex parts of Louisiana and Spanish territory, in Mexico, to be used toward the establishment of an independent republic.

1858: 1st transatlantic cable fails, after less than 1 month.

1859: R C Carrington & R Hodgson make 1st observation of a solar flare.

1864: The Charlottetown Conference, the first of a series of meetings, that ultimately led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada, convened at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

1882: The first Labor Day is observed in New York City by the Carpenters and Joiners Union.

1894: By an act of Congress, Labor Day is declared a US national holiday.

1905: Alberta & Saskatchewan become 8th & 9th Canadian provinces.

1914: The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, died in the Cincinnati (Ohio) Zoo.

1939: German forces, under the control of Adolf Hitler, bombard Poland, on land and from the air. World War II had begun.
1939: Adolf Hitler orders extermination of mentally ill, through the "T4 Euthanasia Program," arguing that wartime "was the best time for the elimination of the incurably ill"

1962: United Nations announces Earth's population has hit 3 billion.

1972: Bobby Fischer defeats Russian Boris Spassky [12.5 - 8.5], during the World Chess Championship in Reykjavik, Iceland, becoming the first American to win the competition, since its inception in 1866. The victory also marked the first time a non-Russian had won the event in 24 years.

1974: The SR-71 ‘Blackbird’ sets (and still holds) the record, for flying from New York to London: 1 hour 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds.

1980: Due to poor health, Canadian activist Terry Fox, who had part of his leg amputated because of cancer, was forced to end his ‘Marathon of Hope’, near Thunder Bay, Ontario, a run across Canada to raise money for cancer research; it was later discovered that the cancer had spread to his lungs, and he died in 1981.

1981: Nazi architect, Albert Speer died.

1983: Soviet jet fighters intercept a Korean Airlines passenger flight [KAL 007], in Russian airspace, and shoot the plane down, killing all 269 passengers and crew-members.

1985: Seventy-three years after it sank, a joint U.S.-French expedition [Robert D. Ballard & Jean-Louis Michel] locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic, with an experimental, unmanned submersible called the “Argo”. The sunken liner was about 400 miles east of Newfoundland, in the North Atlantic, some 13,000 feet below the surface.

1986: Henri Debehogne discovers asteroid #8265 ‘La Silla’.

1995: New York reinstates the death penalty. In 2004, that statute was declared unconstitutional, by the New York Court of Appeals, and in 2007 the last remaining death sentence was reduced to life. Although there were inmates on death row until 2007, no execution has taken place since that of Eddie Mays in 1963.
➥ https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-a...state/new-york

2004: Armed Chechen rebels took over 1000 people, killing over 350, including school children, at a school. The rebels demanded international recognition of an independent Chechnya. The hostage crisis lasted for 3 days, and ended after Russian troops stormed the school.

2019: Hurricane ‘Dorian’ makes landfall on Elbow Cay, in the Abaco islands, northern Bahamas, as a category five storm, with winds of 180mph (285km/h).

[GordMay]

September 2

0031 BCE: At the Battle of Actium, off the western coast of Greece, Roman leader Octavian [later Augustus Caesar] wins a decisive naval victory, against the forces of Roman Mark Antony, and Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. Effectively ends the Roman Republic.

1666: The ‘Great Fire of London’ breaks out, in the house of King Charles II’s baker, on Pudding Lane, near London Bridge. When the Great Fire was finally extinguished, on September 6, more than four-fifths of London, including Old St. Paul's Cathedral, and about 13,000 houses, was destroyed. Miraculously, only 16 people were known to have died.

1752: Last Julian calendar day, in Great Britain, and British colonies, including America. To sync to the Gregorian calendar, 11 days are skipped, and the next date is Sep 14.

1789: Congress founds U.S. Treasury.

1935: Labor Day hurricane makes landfall in Florida, killing 423 people, the strongest and most intense hurricane ever to make landfall in the United States.

1945: World War II came to an end [V-J Day], as Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru and General Umezu Yoshijiro signed Japan's formal surrender, aboard the USS “Missouri”. [Japanese date, 1st September in US]

1967: The Principality of Sealand is established, ruled by Prince Paddy Roy Bates. While Sealand [actuallt HM Fort Roughs, also known as Roughs Tower, an offshore platform] has been described as the world's smallest country, it sits within British territorial waters, and is not recognised by any sovereign state.
➥ https://sealandgov.org/

1969: President Ho Chi Minh, of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, dies of a heart attack, in Hanoi. North Vietnamese officials announced his death the next day. Ho Chi Minh had been the heart and soul of Vietnamese communism, since the earliest days of the movement.
1969: America’s first automatic teller machine (ATM) makes its public debut, dispensing cash to customers at Chemical Bank, in Rockville Centre, New York.

1998: Swissair flight 111 crashed near Peggy’s Cove, off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, killing all 229 on board; it was later determined that faulty wires had caused the plane's flammable insulation to catch fire.

2019: Diving boat “Conception” catches fire at night, killing 34 asleep on board, off Santa Cruz Island, California.

[GordMay]

Originally Posted by GordMay

September 2
1935: Labor Day hurricane makes landfall in Florida, killing 423 people, the strongest and most intense hurricane ever to make landfall in the United States.

On August 29, 1935, a storm formed in the Atlantic Ocean. However, it reached its peak intensity on Sep. 2, which is how it got its name "The Great Labor Day Hurricane of 1935".

On Aug. 31, a tropical depression was located in the Bahamas. The next day, the storm intensified into a hurricane as it headed towards Andros Island.

On Sep. 2, the hurricane continued to strengthen, with wind speeds as high as 295 km/h. At this intensity, the storm made landfall near Long Key in the Florida Keys. The hurricane made another landfall over Cedar Keys. That day, an aircraft was used to locate the hurricane, making it the first flight for that specific purpose.

The storm eventually dissipated on Sep. 10, in the North Atlantic Ocean.

In total, it killed 423 people, and caused $100 million (1935 USD) worth of damage.

The Labor Day Hurricane is one of the most intense Atlantic storms ever [first Cat. 5], coming in third behind the strongest [Wilma in 2005, and Gilbert in 1988]. The Labor Day storm is still the strongest hurricane to make landfall in the Western Hemisphere. It's tied with 2019's Hurricane Dorian, for the strongest storm to make landfall, in terms of wind speed.

The Florida Keys received most of the storm's damage. The hurricane almost fully flattened the Upper Keys, around the area that is now known as the village of Islamorada.

More ➥ https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wiki...ne_of_1935.htm

[GordMay]

September 3

0301: San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world, and the world's oldest republic still in existence, founded by Saint Marinus.

1609: English navigator Henry Hudson, in a quest for a passage to India, on behalf of the Dutch East India Company, sailed into the harbour of present-day New York City, and up the river that now bears his name.

1658: English soldier and statesman Oliver Cromwell died, in London.

1783: The American Revolution officially comes to an end, when representatives of the United States, Great Britain, Spain and France sign the Treaty of Paris. The signing signified America’s status as a free nation, as Britain formally recognized the independence of its 13 former American colonies, and the boundaries of the new republic were agreed upon.

1791: The new French Constitution, declaring France a constitutional monarchy, is passed by the National Assembly.

1878: British passenger paddle steamer “Princess Alice” sunk in a collision, on the River Thames, with the collier “Bywell Castle” - 645 die.

1903: American yacht “Reliance” (largest gaff-rigged cutter ever built) defends America's Cup, for the NYYC, beating UK challenger “Shamrock III”, off the New Jersey shore, for a 3-0 series win.

1930: Hurricane ‘San Zenón’ kills 2,000, injures 4,000 (Dominican Republic). Fifth deadliest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history.
➥ https://www.upi.com/Archives/1930/09...7251504240796/

1939: in response to Hitler’s invasion of Poland, Britain and France both declare war on Germany - quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa & Canada.
1939: German submarine “U-30", commanded by Oberleutnant Fritz-Julius Lemp, sinks British passenger ship SS “Athenia”; 117 people die, among them 28 Americans.

1941: 1st use of ‘Zyclon-B’ gas in Auschwitz (on Russian prisoners of war).

1950: Giuseppe "Nino" Farina wins inaugural Formula 1 World Drivers Championship, by taking out the Italian Grand Prix, at Monza, in an Alfa Romeo; wins by 3 points from Juan Manuel Fangio.

1967: Sweden switches to driving on the right hand side of road [‘Dagen H’].

1971: Watergate team breaks into Daniel Ellsberg's doctor's office.

2012: Colombian drug trafficker Griselda Blanco, who was a leading figure in the Miami drug scene, in the 1970s and early '80s, and was known as the “Godmother of Cocaine”, was fatally shot in Medellín, Colombia.

1995: 'eBay' (Electronic Bay) founded by Pierre Omidyar.

1996: Slowinski & Gage discovers 2^1257787-1 (34th known Mersenne prime).

2013: Microsoft purchases Nokia, for $7.2 Billion.

2019: Unknown text by John Locke, “Reasons for tolerateing Papists equally with others” (1667-68), an argument for religious toleration, announced discovered, at St John’s College, Annapolis.
2019: Hurricane ‘Dorian’ finally moves off Grand Bahama, after stalling for more than a day, bringing catastrophic devastation, killing at least 50, with over 2,000 people missing.

2020: MacKenzie Scott, philanthropist, and ex-wife of Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, becomes world's richest woman, worth $68 billion.

[GordMay]

September 4

0925: King Athelstan, of the West Saxons, crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Kingston upon Thames, becoming the first king to rule all of England.

1609: Navigator Henry Hudson is the first European to discover island of Manhattan [or Sept. 11].

1618: "Rodi" avalanche destroys Plurs, Switzerland, 1,500 killed.

1781: ‘LA’ founded, an Indian village named ‘Yangma’, in the Bahia de las Fumas (Bay of Smokes), as 44 Spanish-speaking mestizo settlers laid claim, to what became Los Angeles, now the second most populous U.S. city.

1804: USS “Intrepid” explodes, while entering Tripoli harbor, on a mission to destroy the enemy fleet there, during the First Barbary War.

1807: Robert Fulton begins operating his steamboat, between New York and Albany.

1870: Napoleon III, who ruled France, first as elected president (1850–52), and then as emperor (1852–70), was deposed, after his defeat by Prussia, at Sedan, and the Third Republic proclaimed.

1881: The Edison electric lighting system goes into operation, as the Pearl Street Station generator, serving 85 paying customers, is switched on.

1884: Britain ends its policy of penal transportation to New South Wales, in Australia.

1886: Apache leader Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson A. Miles, at Skeleton Canyon, Ariz.

1888: George Eastman patents the first roll-film camera, & registers ‘Kodak’.

1915: The U.S. military places Haiti under martial law, to quell a rebellion in its capital, Port-au-Prince.

1922: William Walmsley and William Lyons officially found the Swallow Sidecar Company [later Jaguar Cars], in Blackpool, England.

1933: Coup against Cuban president Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, by Fulgencio Batista.

1957: Arkansas governor Orval Faubus enlists the National Guard, to prevent nine African American students from entering Central High School, in Little Rock. The armed Arkansas militia troops surrounded the school, while an angry crowd of some 400 whites jeered, booed, and threatened to lynch the frightened African American teenagers, who fled shortly after arriving. Faubus took the action in violation of a federal order to integrate the school. The conflict set the stage for the first major test of the U.S. Supreme Court’s unanimous 1954 decision, in ‘Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka’, that racial segregation, in educational facilities, is unconstitutional. On September 24, President Dwight Eisenhower sent 1,000 U.S. troops to Little Rock. The next day, the African American students entered, under heavily armed guard.

1964: NASA launches its 1st Orbital Geophysical Observatory [OGO-1].
➥ https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spac...n?id=1964-054A
1970: Marxist Salvador Allende wins a narrow plurality of votes, in Chile's presidential election.

1998: The American search engine company, ‘Google’ Inc., was formally established, as [Stanford University students] founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page filed incorporation papers.

2006: Australian wildlife conservationist, and television personality, Steve Irwin, who achieved worldwide fame as the exuberant and risk-taking host of ‘The Crocodile Hunter’ TV series and related documentaries, was killed, by a venomous bull stingray.

2007: Hurricane 'Felix' makes landfall in Nicaragua and Honduras.

2010: Canterbury earthquake; a 7.1 magnitude earthquake, which struck the South Island of New Zealand, at 4:35 am, causing widespread damage, and power outages.

2016: Mother Teresa, founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, and winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Peace, was canonized, by Pope Francis I.

2018: Amazon becomes America's second trillion dollar company. As of June, 2021, Apple is still the world’s most valued company, at $2.249 trillion, followed by Microsoft at $2.024 trillion. Amazon is valued at $1.74 trillion, Google-parent Alphabet is at $1.67 trillion, and Facebook is now worth $1.008 trillion. Microsoft crossed the $2 trillion level for the first time last week.
Saudi Arabian Oil Co., not traded in the U.S., has a valuation of $1.87 trillion.)

[GordMay]

On Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2007, “Hurricane Felix” made landfall on Nicaragua and Honduras, as a Category 5 storm.

The powerful and deadly hurricane started as a tropical wave off the coast of Africa on Aug. 24. The trough continued to organize and strengthen as it travelled toward Cape Verde. On Aug. 30, the system showed cyclonic turning. The next day, the wave became Tropical Depression Six near the Windward Islands.

On Sep. 1, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) dubbed the growing system Tropical Storm Felix. The next day, the NHC elevated Felix into hurricane status as it moved close to Bonaire.

On Sep. 3, Felix strengthened into a Category 5 storm. Behind 2005's Wilma, this is the second-fastest intensifying storm in the Atlantic Ocean. The same day, the storm weakened into a Category 4 storm but regained its Category 5 status on Sep. 4.

Felix made landfall in Nicaragua, near the Honduras border. The same day, the Pacific Ocean's Hurricane Henriette hit the Baja California Peninsula. This was only the second time that an Atlantic and Pacific hurricane made landfall on the same day.

On Sep. 5, Felix weakened into a tropical storm. On Sep. 7, the system dissipated over the Mexican state of Tabasco.

Felix produced winds as high as 280 km/h. The storm caused 130 direct and three indirect deaths and US$720 million (2007) worth of damage. It impacted areas in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, but Nicaragua was by far the most impacted.

Approximately 40,000 people in Nicaragua were affected, as Felix destroyed around 9,000 homes. The majority of the damage was in the Nicaraguan city of Bilwi. Overall, Felix affected more than 160,000 people, leaving thousands stranded.