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Old 23-02-2022, 15:56   #3901
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Re: Science & Technology News

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Originally Posted by tkeithlu View Post
QUOTE from pt49: "Scientists for the last few thousand years (yes, before they even knew that they carried that label) have almost always got it wrong."

A few pages back, but I can't let that pass unchallenged. I'm a scientist.

Let's see: You're alive in adulthood (vaccines, medicine, nuitrition, food crops for a start). You are wearing clothes, sitting on a chair in a centrally heated home with indoor plumbing and LED lighting. Jump a bit: You are writng on a computer that connects you to the entire world and which contains millions of semiconductors in solid state electronics that did not exist when I was born and we've "almost always got it wrong?"
Name 3 climate scientist predictions that have happened and are not explainable due to natural causes .
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Old 24-02-2022, 03:17   #3902
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Re: Science & Technology News

Northern Lights [Aurora Borealis]

Skywatchers in Scotland are hoping for clear skies tonight, with forecasters calling for a high chance of northern lights, appearing in high latitudes. [1]

In honour of International Polar Bear Day, on February 27, Polar Bears International and exlpore.org have set up a northern lights live cam, in Churchill, Manitoba - the polar bear capital of the world. [2]


They may seem elusive, but northern lights - or aurora borealis - aren't all that uncommon. But to see them, the conditions have to be just right. Clear, calm, and dark skies create the perfect backdrop for nature's greatest light show.

Auroras occur when solar particles collide with the Earth's atmosphere. The colour variety comes from different gas particles in the atmosphere, as well as the wavelength of emitted light, according to NASA. [3]
Two of the most common elements in the Earth's atmosphere, oxygen and nitrogen, create different types of northern lights. Oxygen is responsible for green and yellowish-green auroras. Blue, purple and reddish-purple auroras are rare in comparison. They're created with the help of nitrogen.

While auroras are visible year-round, March can be a prime time for catching a glimpse of them. During March, the northern lights get an extra boost from Equinox Cracks - small gaps in Earth's magnetic field that form near the equinoxes, when the Earth's and Sun's poles are more aligned. Equinox Cracks can last for days or weeks, allowing more of the solar wind to slip through, and ramp up auroral activity.

But, we Earth-bound beings aren't the only ones who can see the northern lights. They're also visible from space, making the International Space Station one of the best seats in the galaxy, to see Earth's spectacular light show.
Earth isn't the only place where auroras occur. NASA has observed them on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, and Mars, and on Jupiter's moons, Io, Europa, and Ganymede.

This image of aurora activity [4], seen in Jupiter's atmosphere, was captured by the Hubble telescope in July 2016. It's a composite of two Hubble observations. Not only are the auroras huge in size, they are also hundreds of times more energetic, than auroras on Earth. And, unlike those on Earth, they never cease.
While on Earth the most intense auroras are caused by solar storms — when charged particles rain down on the upper atmosphere, excite gases and cause them to glow red, green, and purple — Jupiter has an additional source for its auroras. Jupiter's strong magnetic field draws in charged particles from solar winds and Io, which is home to several volcanoes. All those tiny ingredients combine to create spectacular solar storms.

"Aurora borealis" is a term reserved for the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, they're referred to as “aurora australis”.


[1] “Northern Lights to be visible in Scotland tonight as forecasters predict aurora borealis”
https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/s...night-26298640

[2] “Northern Lights Live Cam” https://explore.org/livecams/zen-den...ern-lights-cam



[3]“Why the different colors?” [NASA] ➥ https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/polar/tele...20blue%20light.

[4] “Hubble Captures Vivid Auroras in Jupiter’s Atmosphere” ➥ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard...r-s-atmosphere
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Old 25-02-2022, 08:12   #3903
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Re: Science & Technology News

Earth’s coldest forests are shifting northward with climate change


"Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal forest biome shift," which was published Thursday in Global Change Biology. The boreal forest is a belt of cold-tolerant conifer trees that stretches nearly 9,000 miles across northern North American and Eurasia; it accounts for almost a quarter of the Earth's forest area and is the coldest -- though mostly rapidly warming -- forest biome.

"There is emerging evidence that climate change is causing boreal trees and shrubs to expand into arctic and alpine tundra, while at the same time causing trees to become more stressed and die along the warm southern margins of the boreal forest," Berner said. "These dynamics could lead to a gradual northward shift in the geographic extent of the boreal forest biome, but the extent to which such changes are already underway has remained unclear."

Changes in vegetation could affect both plant and animal biodiversity, especially species like caribou and moose, which have specific foraging preferences (e.g. deciduous shrubs and trees). These wildlife species are critical sources of food for subsistence communities in the boreal- tundra ecotone. Changes in vegetation along both the northern and southern margins of the boreal forest will impact wildfire regimes, likely increasing the risk of more and severe fires. Changes in vegetation also impact the stability of carbon-rich permafrost soils and absorption of solar energy by the land surface in ways that could accelerate climate warming. Moreover, increasing tree mortality could have widespread implications for forest products while also leading to further degradation of semi-continuous and sporadic permafrost.
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Old 25-02-2022, 14:27   #3904
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Re: Science & Technology News

Advancing forests into the Tundra is good... it reduces CO2 content in the atmosphere (assuming new trees grow faster than old trees die out), and it provides habitat for potentially new life forms to evolve in lands previously "dead" due to being covered in permafrost.
New forests also provide structure to the soils exposed by thawing permafrost, thus reducing the potential for erosion.
A warmer climate also increases the available land mass for crop production, farming and habitable lands in the Arctic latitudes.
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Old 25-02-2022, 14:49   #3905
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Re: Science & Technology News

You are forgetting that the thawing permafrost starts releasing co2 as it thaws and it takes decades for trees to grow in that climate. Not to mention the loss of cropland to drought.
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Old 25-02-2022, 14:58   #3906
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Re: Science & Technology News

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You are forgetting that the thawing permafrost starts releasing co2 as it thaws and it takes decades for trees to grow in that climate. Not to mention the loss of cropland to drought.
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/...-forests-20407

Have a read and see what you think after learning this about Arctic forests and carbon sequestration
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Old 25-02-2022, 16:25   #3907
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Re: Science & Technology News

Quote:
Originally Posted by newhaul View Post
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/...-forests-20407

Have a read and see what you think after learning this about Arctic forests and carbon sequestration
"Have a read and see what you think after learning" about melting permafrost and methane release.

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/708806

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/oct/27/sleeping-giant-arctic-methane-deposits-starting-to-release-scientists-find

https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2954/nasa-flights-detect-millions-of-arctic-methane-hotspots/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210322135221.htm
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Old 25-02-2022, 16:30   #3908
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Re: Science & Technology News

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Links you post don't work till I quote you
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Old 25-02-2022, 16:56   #3909
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Re: Science & Technology News

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Originally Posted by newhaul View Post
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/...-forests-20407

Have a read and see what you think after learning this about Arctic forests and carbon sequestration
I guess you didn't actually read it to the end yourself.

"This work is myopic."

"Scientists unaffiliated with the research said the study is inconclusive about the extent to which Alaska’s forests will be able to offset the state’s emissions"

There is likely to be increased carbon capture in the coastal rain forest but the vast tundra across northern Canada will not see that. The boreal forest grows slowly in comparison. 3" diameter trees can be over a hundred years old. They don't store much carbon for a long time.
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Old 25-02-2022, 17:02   #3910
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Re: Science & Technology News

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Links you post don't work till I quote you
Yes, I see that. Don't know why? You can copy and paste each link. Rather inconvenient
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Old 25-02-2022, 17:02   #3911
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Re: Science & Technology News

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There is a big difference between observing nature and writing down and posting ones original thoughts, and trolling Google and copy and pasting other peoples research and thoughts... often without even reading the articles or papers that they are posting links to.

Think about it.
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Old 25-02-2022, 17:41   #3912
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Re: Science & Technology News

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Originally Posted by pt49 View Post
There is a big difference between observing nature and writing down and posting ones original thoughts, and trolling Google and copy and pasting other peoples research and thoughts... often without even reading the articles or papers that they are posting links to.

Think about it.


I guess you didn't actually understand what SailOar wrote in #3903.

I suspect you've never seen a boreal forest so, by your standards, you probably should not comment.

I have worked in one and I can guarantee that, even without the likely increase in fires, these trees take a hundred years to reach a spindly 15 or 20 feet with a base trunk only 3" in diameter. How much carbon do you think that will sequester over the next 30 years in comparison to the methane and CO2 released by the thawing permafrost?
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Old 25-02-2022, 17:51   #3913
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Re: Science & Technology News

Quote:
Originally Posted by SailOar View Post
Yes, I see that. Don't know why? You can copy and paste each link. Rather inconvenient
Not an issue when I quote you they are all then accessible for everyone so win win there
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Old 25-02-2022, 20:44   #3914
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Re: Science & Technology News

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I guess you didn't actually understand what SailOar wrote in #3903.

I suspect you've never seen a boreal forest so, by your standards, you probably should not comment.

I have worked in one and I can guarantee that, even without the likely increase in fires, these trees take a hundred years to reach a spindly 15 or 20 feet with a base trunk only 3" in diameter. How much carbon do you think that will sequester over the next 30 years in comparison to the methane and CO2 released by the thawing permafrost?
You are very perceptive and indeed correct... I have never seen a boreal forest. If these trees are so poor and spindly the natural assumption would be that they don't contribute to CO2 sequestration to much extent. However I doubt this is the case. Of more importance in my humble and ill-informed opinion is the density of trees, tonnage per hectare, and total area involved.
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Old 26-02-2022, 03:11   #3915
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Re: Science & Technology News

Methane emissions from the energy sector are 70% higher than official figures

The International Energy Agency [IEA] says that emissions of planet-warming methane, from oil, gas and coal production, are significantly higher than governments claim.

The powerful greenhouse gas leaks during the production of all three kinds of fossil fuels.

The IEA said its annual ‘Global Methane Tracker’ report [1] shows emissions, from the energy sector, grew by almost five per cent last year. It said, the volume of methane leaked amounted to about 180 billion cubic metres of natural gas.

The agency said its analysis shows emissions were 70 per cent higher last year, than the official figure provided by governments worldwide. If all leaks were plugged, the methane captured would be enough to supply all of Europe's power sector, it said.

The countries with the highest emissions are China, Russia, the United States, Iran and India, the IEA said.

IEA Press Releases About ➥ https://www.iea.org/news/methane-emi...ficial-figures


[1] “Global Methane Tracker 2022" ~ IEA Report [Feb 2022]
https://www.iea.org/reports/global-m...-2022/overview


Methane Tracker Data Explorer
Interactive database of country and regional estimates for methane emissions and abatement options.
https://www.iea.org/articles/methane...-data-explorer

Global Methane Tracker: DOCUMENTATION
https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/as...umentation.pdf
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